Does The Pope’s Resignation Matter? – A Protestant Perspective

Zack —  February 11, 2013 — 12 Comments

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When I woke up this morning I awoke, as so many others did, to the news that Pope Benedict XVI is resigning.

I’m a big theology and church history guy, so I’m devouring every piece of news I can find about this event and can’t wait for conclave to begin.

And I’m not even Roman Catholic.

Which got me to thinking about something.

How many Protestant Christians think the Pope’s sudden resignation even matters? My guess is some, but that many more see the papacy, if not the Roman Catholic Church itself, as rather irrelevant.

Why I do say that? Because I think we as American Protestants have become rather myopic when it comes to the Christian faith. You can see our myopathy in the way we toss around the word “church.”

Many of us use “the church” as an all encompassing term, as if there were one united Christian body overseeing the faithful, deciding policy, and formulating theological positions (something the Roman Catholic church actually does see itself as doing).

While this makes it easier to talk about “the church” and far easier to criticize or trash “the church,” the truth is that when most of us non-Roman Catholic American Christians toss around the term “the church” what we really mean is “the Protestant/Evangelical church” or our particular denomination. Worse yet, the Roman Catholic Church, or the Eastern Orthodox Church for that matter, doesn’t even cross our mind when we Protestants think and talk about “the church,” even though it contains more of the Body of Christ than all other Christian traditions combined.

Why does our use of “the church” matter?

Because if we’re seriously about changing the church for the better, we can’t do that without knowing what we’re actually talking about. The church is infinitely more diverse than we give it credit for. And within that diversity are a whole host of gifts, resources, people, talent, beliefs, hope, goodness, and practices that get tossed aside in our sweeping critiques of “the church” as if all of “the church,” or even most of “the church,” believes, thinks, talks, or acts in the way we are critiquing “the church.”

Sure, there are plenty of problems across the various Christian traditions, including the Roman Catholic Church, but we do a disservice to, if not outright slander, the Body of Christ when we talk about “the church” as if our small corner of it exhausts the Christian experience.

The truth is, the church is far larger than we can imagine and, in many places, greater than we have experienced.

So, as the Roman Catholic church prepares to select a new pope, I hope this moment can be a reminder for all of us non-Catholics that “the church” is a far bigger and infinitely more diverse, and in many places healthier, Body than most of us give it credit for.

As such, it deserves the work it will take to talk about and critique it faithfully if “the church,” rather than “my church,” is something we actually care about.

 

Grace and peace,

Zack Hunt

 

Zack

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  • http://twitter.com/fergbreen Ferg Breen

    Intriguing point of view. It’s a little different here in Ireland. The Catholic Church isn’t exactly seen as an older sister with a few flaws by most protestants; they see the Catholic Church as one big heretical cult and it’s head is the anti-christ. That’s not including what the general public think of a church that they believe has cause this island untold hurt and pain with its abuse of children and oppression of woman and consistent covering up of the truth of their failings.
    I may technically be a protestant (I’m not sure) but it’s not a word I would ever use to describe myself. Things are fragile enough here without causing division (or protesting!) by claiming to be of a certain strand of christianity. I feel like it straight away makes an us or them. Saying I’m protestant here is pretty much saying “I’m not catholic”. I’d rather just say I love and follow Jesus and I pray for all denominations that we would become a beautiful bride whose body is in equal proportion to it’s Head.

    • http://twitter.com/ThatsaJennStory Jennwith2ns

      There are definitely people in the USA who view the Catholic Church “as one big heretical cult and its head is the anti-Christ,” too. Indifference or animosity–I think our brother here is suggesting neither attitude is quite right or fair.

    • ZackHunt

      Ferg, thanks so much for sharing your perspective. Really interesting. Unfortunately, like Jenn said, there are too many people in the US who also hold the view that the RC is “one big heretical cult its head is the antichrist.” So sad and so unnecessary.

      • http://twitter.com/fergbreen Ferg Breen

        Sad and unnecessary indeed.
        Thought you’d be interested to know that our ‘Prime Time’ program on our main tv station is right now being dedicated to the resignation of the Pope. No matter how ‘liberal’ our country has become; catholicism still plays a major part. It’s fascinating. I’m praying for guidance, wisdom and clarity for the cardinals.

  • http://twitter.com/ThatsaJennStory Jennwith2ns

    “Sure, there are plenty of problems across the various Christian
    traditions, including the Roman Catholic Church, but we do a disservice
    to, if not outright slander, the Body of Christ when we talk about “the
    church” as if our small corner of it exhausts the Christian experience.”

    Right on, my friend.

  • David

    I also resonate with the excerpt that Jenn’s pulled out and think I’m picking up what you’re putting down. That said, can you tell me more about “it contains more of the Body of Christ than all other Christian traditions combined”? Thanks Zack!

    • ZackHunt

      Of course…I just refering to the numbers. Numerically speaking there about 2 billion Christians in the world and about 1.2 billion of them are Roman Catholic (based on numbers I have seen), which means there are more Roman Catholics in the Body of Christ than all other Christian traditions combined.

  • Jon

    Thanks for an excellent view from the Protestant perspective Zach. In the American protestant church in the US it seems to have it engrained that their denomination or even American Protestants collectively are the body of Christ and Catholics are often looked at in America as “deceived” or “fallen away”. To believe that though is very short sighted and to basically declare that all Christians prior to the founding of The ” First Community Church of Wherever” weren’t really Christians. That the Christians for the first 1,500 years of Christianity and the majority Christians worldwide, aren’t Christians. When looked at globally and historically the ridiculousness becomes evident.

    I’d ask any Protestant looking into this to ask themselves two questions.

    1) with what authority do you hold your doctrines and teachings? If the Bible is your sole authority, why is that (where did the Bible come from and where does it declare itself sole authority, where there even Christians before the Bible was canonized on 398ad? What did they use as authority before that? and how do you know which church has the correct doctrine even though they use the same Bible with different conclusions?

    2) What exactly are you as a Protestant “protesting”. Luther started a protest, seemingly if the concerns were answered (arguably the were after the 2nd Vatican Council) then why are you still protesting the Catholic Church?

    Perhaps our paths have just digressed too far; from being one and the same to vastly different over the last 500 years.

  • http://twitter.com/EofFaith I.S. Pringle

    I’m not concerned, if anything I am excited! I was really getting tired of making “Nazi Pope” jokes. Further, if the RCC is in a bit of a shaken state, as they practically worship the Pope as a god perhaps some of them will open their eyes, see that they are in a polytheistic religion that bases salvation on works and worships the man as well as the creation, ad come to Christ!

    As to the rest of your post: I believe the term “Church” ought to be used to describe all believers of Christ in a united sense. That’s what the Greek work refers to, we ought to view it in the same way. And secondly, I do not view the RCC or the Orthodox Church as a member of the whole Christian body. I would suggest that there are congregants in the RCC and the OC that are indeed Christians, but the RCC and the OC are in of themselves not Christian groups. Or, if you do wish to consider them somehow Christian, I’d lump them in with the LDS and the JW

    • Jon

      Thanks for making Zach’s point! Your response is typical of the American Protestant position that only those who get their get out of hell free card by making a single profession of faith at a rally are good to go. It is an easy theology to believe, I believed it for 30 years, but it is contrary to the Bible, and contrary to Christianity as it was taught up until the American Great Awakening of the 1800s (the same movement mormonism came out of, I think that this type of theology has much more in common with mormonism and JHW than Catholicism as you state).

      Catholics do not worship or “practically worship the pope” anymore than you worship the pages of your Bible- which as Zach has pointed out in past posts is nothing short of idolatry.

      Further the Catholic Church does not teach “works salvation” we teach what Jesus taught and what is clearly taught in the Bible by Jesus, Paul, and the Other Apostles. We teach that we are saved by God’s Grace, through Faith, Saving Faith is demonstrated by works and a changed life, Any works done by Christians are purely out of God’s Grace. Catholics believe what St James says in James 2:14-26

      “What use is it, my brethren, if someone says he has faith but he has no works? Can that faith save him? 15 If a brother or sister is without clothing and in need of daily food, 16 and one of you says to them, “Go in peace, be warmed and be filled,” and yet you do not give them what is necessary for their body, what use is that? 17 Even so faith, if it has no works, is dead, being by itself.

      18 But someone may well say, “You have faith and I have works; show me your faith without the works, and I will show you my faith by my works.” 19 You believe that God is one. You do well; the demons also believe, and shudder. 20 But are you willing to recognize, you foolish fellow, that faith without works is useless? 21 Was not Abraham our father justified by works when he offered up Isaac his son on the altar? 22 You see that faith was working with his works, and as a result of the works, faith was perfected; 23 and the Scripture was fulfilled which says, “And Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned to him as righteousness,” and he was called the friend of God. 24 You see that a man is justified by works and not by faith alone. 25 In the same way, was not Rahab the harlot also justified by works when she received the messengers and sent them out by another way?26 For just as the body without the spirit is dead, so also faith without works is dead.”

      Or perhaps you would prefer the words of our Lord in Mathew 25:34-46

      34“Then the King will say to those on his right, ‘Come, you who are blessed by my Father; take your inheritance, the kingdom prepared for you since the creation of the world. 35 For I was hungry and you gave me something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I was a stranger and you invited me in, 36 I needed clothes and you clothed me, I was sick and you looked after me, I was in prison and you came to visit me.’

      37 “Then the righteous will answer him, ‘Lord, when did we see you hungry and feed you, or thirsty and give you something to drink? 38 When did we see you a stranger and invite you in, or needing clothes and clothe you? 39 When did we see you sick or in prison and go to visit you?’

      40 “The King will reply, ‘Truly I tell you, whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers and sisters of mine, you did for me.’

      41 “Then he will say to those on his left, ‘Depart from me, you who are cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels. 42 For I was hungry and you gave me nothing to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me nothing to drink, 43 I was a stranger and you did not invite me in, I needed clothes and you did not clothe me, I was sick and in prison and you did not look after me.’

      44 “They also will answer, ‘Lord, when did we see you hungry or thirsty or a stranger or needing clothes or sick or in prison, and did not help you?’

      45 “He will reply, ‘Truly I tell you, whatever you did not do for one of the least of these, you did not do for me.’

      46 “Then they will go away to eternal punishment, but the righteous to eternal life.”

      Or perhaps the words of Paul, Galatians 5:6

      ” For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision means anything, but faith WORKING through love.”

      Since you claim Catholics are in a Polytheistic Religion, what are those gods? Do you not believe in the Trinity 1 God in 3 persons because Catholics do, in fact it was the Catholic Church that defined the doctrine of the Trinity in the 4th Century, of which the Apostles and Nicene Creeds developed. To clear it up I will post from the Catechism below (although I am sure you will not read it as you are happy in your made up fantasy land of Catholic Beliefs):

      • Jon

        Catechism of the Catholic Church regarding the ONE GOD that we serve:

        I. “YOU SHALL WORSHIP THE LORD YOUR GOD AND HIM ONLY SHALL YOU SERVE”

        2084 God makes himself known by recalling his all-powerful loving, and liberating action in the history of the one he addresses: “I brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.” The first word contains the first commandment of the Law: “You shall fear the LORD your God; you shall serve him. . . . You shall not go after other gods.”5 God’s first call and just demand is that man accept him and worship him.

        2085 The one and true God first reveals his glory to Israel.6 The revelation of the vocation and truth of man is linked to the revelation of God. Man’s vocation is to make God manifest by acting in conformity with his creation “in the image and likeness of God”:

        There will never be another God, and there has been no other since the world began . . . than he who made and ordered the universe. We do not think that our God is different from yours. He is the same who brought your fathers out of Egypt “by his powerful hand and his outstretched arm.” We do not place our hope in some other god, for there is none, but in the same God as you do: the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.7

        2086 “The first commandment embraces faith, hope, and charity. When we say ‘God’ we confess a constant, unchangeable being, always the same, faithful and just, without any evil. It follows that we must necessarily accept his words and have complete faith in him and acknowledge his authority. He is almighty, merciful, and infinitely beneficent. Who could not place all hope in him? Who could not love him when contemplating the treasures of goodness and love he has poured out on us? Hence the formula God employs in the Scripture at the beginning and end of his commandments: ‘I am the LORD.’”8

        Faith

        2087 Our moral life has its source in faith in God who reveals his love to us. St. Paul speaks of the “obedience of faith”9 as our first obligation. He shows that “ignorance of God” is the principle and explanation of all moral deviations.10 Our duty toward God is to believe in him and to bear witness to him.

        2088 The first commandment requires us to nourish and protect our faith with prudence and vigilance, and to reject everything that is opposed to it. There are various ways of sinning against faith:

        Voluntary doubt about the faith disregards or refuses to hold as true what God has revealed and the Church proposes for belief. Involuntary doubtrefers to hesitation in believing, difficulty in overcoming objections connected with the faith, or also anxiety aroused by its obscurity. If deliberately cultivated doubt can lead to spiritual blindness.

        2089 Incredulity is the neglect of revealed truth or the willful refusal to assent to it. “Heresy is the obstinate post-baptismal denial of some truth which must be believed with divine and catholic faith, or it is likewise an obstinate doubt concerning the same; apostasy is the total repudiation of the Christian faith; schism is the refusal of submission to the Roman Pontiff or of communion with the members of the Church subject to him.”11

        * Hope

        2090 When God reveals Himself and calls him, man cannot fully respond to the divine love by his own powers. He must hope that God will give him the capacity to love Him in return and to act in conformity with the commandments of charity. Hope is the confident expectation of divine blessing and the beatific vision of God; it is also the fear of offending God’s love and of incurring punishment.

        2091 The first commandment is also concerned with sins against hope, namely, despair and presumption:

        By despair, man ceases to hope for his personal salvation from God, for help in attaining it or for the forgiveness of his sins. Despair is contrary to God’s goodness, to his justice – for the Lord is faithful to his promises – and to his mercy.

        2092 There are two kinds of presumption. Either man presumes upon his own capacities, (hoping to be able to save himself without help from on high), or he presumes upon God’s almighty power or his mercy (hoping to obtain his forgiveness without conversion and glory without merit).

        * Charity

        2093 Faith in God’s love encompasses the call and the obligation to respond with sincere love to divine charity. The first commandment enjoins us to love God above everything and all creatures for him and because of him.12

        2094 One can sin against God’s love in various ways:

        - indifference neglects or refuses to reflect on divine charity; it fails to consider its prevenient goodness and denies its power.

        - ingratitude fails or refuses to acknowledge divine charity and to return him love for love.

        - lukewarmness is hesitation or negligence in responding to divine love; it can imply refusal to give oneself over to the prompting of charity.

        - acedia or spiritual sloth goes so far as to refuse the joy that comes from God and to be repelled by divine goodness.

        - hatred of God comes from pride. It is contrary to love of God, whose goodness it denies, and whom it presumes to curse as the one who forbids sins and inflicts punishments.

        II. “HIM ONLY SHALL YOU SERVE”

        2095 The theological virtues of faith, hope, and charity inform and give life to the moral virtues. Thus charity leads us to render to God what we as creatures owe him in all justice. The virtue of religion disposes us to have this attitude.

        * Adoration

        2096 Adoration is the first act of the virtue of religion. To adore God is to acknowledge him as God, as the Creator and Savior, the Lord and Master of everything that exists, as infinite and merciful Love. “You shall worship the Lord your God, and him only shall you serve,” says Jesus, citingDeuteronomy.13

        2097 To adore God is to acknowledge, in respect and absolute submission, the “nothingness of the creature” who would not exist but for God. To adore God is to praise and exalt him and to humble oneself, as Mary did in the Magnificat, confessing with gratitude that he has done great things and holy is his name.14 The worship of the one God sets man free from turning in on himself, from the slavery of sin and the idolatry of the world.

        * Prayer

        2098 The acts of faith, hope, and charity enjoined by the first commandment are accomplished in prayer. Lifting up the mind toward God is an expression of our adoration of God: prayer of praise and thanksgiving, intercession and petition. Prayer is an indispensable condition for being able to obey God’s commandments. “[We] ought always to pray and not lose heart.”15

        Sacrifice

        2099 It is right to offer sacrifice to God as a sign of adoration and gratitude, supplication and communion: “Every action done so as to cling to God in communion of holiness, and thus achieve blessedness, is a true sacrifice.”16

        2100 Outward sacrifice, to be genuine, must be the expression of spiritual sacrifice: “The sacrifice acceptable to God is a broken spirit. . . . “17 The prophets of the Old Covenant often denounced sacrifices that were not from the heart or not coupled with love of neighbor.18 Jesus recalls the words of the prophet Hosea: “I desire mercy, and not sacrifice.”19 The only perfect sacrifice is the one that Christ offered on the cross as a total offering to the Father’s love and for our salvation.20 By uniting ourselves with his sacrifice we can make our lives a sacrifice to God.

        Promises and vows

        2101 In many circumstances, the Christian is called to make promises to God. Baptism and Confirmation, Matrimony and Holy Orders always entail promises. Out of personal devotion, the Christian may also promise to God this action, that prayer, this alms-giving, that pilgrimage, and so forth. Fidelity to promises made to God is a sign of the respect owed to the divine majesty and of love for a faithful God.

        2102 “A vow is a deliberate and free promise made to God concerning a possible and better good which must be fulfilled by reason of the virtue of religion,”21 A vow is an act of devotion in which the Christian dedicates himself to God or promises him some good work. By fulfilling his vows he renders to God what has been promised and consecrated to Him. The Acts of the Apostles shows us St. Paul concerned to fulfill the vows he had made.22

        2103 The Church recognizes an exemplary value in the vows to practice the evangelical counsels:23

        Mother Church rejoices that she has within herself many men and women who pursue the Savior’s self-emptying more closely and show it forth more clearly, by undertaking poverty with the freedom of the children of God, and renouncing their own will: they submit themselves to man for the sake of God, thus going beyond what is of precept in the matter of perfection, so as to conform themselves more fully to the obedient Christ.24

        The Church can, in certain cases and for proportionate reasons, dispense from vows and promises25

        The social duty of religion and the right to religious freedom

        2104 “All men are bound to seek the truth, especially in what concerns God and his Church, and to embrace it and hold on to it as they come to know it.”26 This duty derives from “the very dignity of the human person.”27 It does not contradict a “sincere respect” for different religions which frequently “reflect a ray of that truth which enlightens all men,”28 nor the requirement of charity, which urges Christians “to treat with love, prudence and patience those who are in error or ignorance with regard to the faith.”29

        2105 The duty of offering God genuine worship concerns man both individually and socially. This is “the traditional Catholic teaching on the moral duty of individuals and societies toward the true religion and the one Church of Christ.”30 By constantly evangelizing men, the Church works toward enabling them “to infuse the Christian spirit into the mentality and mores, laws and structures of the communities in which [they] live.”31 The social duty of Christians is to respect and awaken in each man the love of the true and the good. It requires them to make known the worship of the one true religion which subsists in the Catholic and apostolic Church.32 Christians are called to be the light of the world. Thus, the Church shows forth the kingship of Christ over all creation and in particular over human societies.33

        2106 “Nobody may be forced to act against his convictions, nor is anyone to be restrained from acting in accordance with his conscience in religious matters in private or in public, alone or in association with others, within due limits.”34 This right is based on the very nature of the human person, whose dignity enables him freely to assent to the divine truth which transcends the temporal order. For this reason it “continues to exist even in those who do not live up to their obligation of seeking the truth and adhering to it.”35

        2107 “If because of the circumstances of a particular people special civil recognition is given to one religious community in the constitutional organization of a state, the right of all citizens and religious communities to religious freedom must be recognized and respected as well.”36

        2108 The right to religious liberty is neither a moral license to adhere to error, nor a supposed right to error,37 but rather a natural right of the human person to civil liberty, i.e., immunity, within just limits, from external constraint in religious matters by political authorities. This natural right ought to be acknowledged in the juridical order of society in such a way that it constitutes a civil right.38

        2109 The right to religious liberty can of itself be neither unlimited nor limited only by a “public order” conceived in a positivist or naturalist manner.39 The “due limits” which are inherent in it must be determined for each social situation by political prudence, according to the requirements of the common good, and ratified by the civil authority in accordance with “legal principles which are in conformity with the objective moral order.”40

        III. “YOU SHALL HAVE NO OTHER GODS BEFORE ME”

        2110 The first commandment forbids honoring gods other than the one Lord who has revealed himself to his people. It proscribes superstition and irreligion. Superstition in some sense represents a perverse excess of religion; irreligion is the vice contrary by defect to the virtue of religion.

        Superstition

        2111 Superstition is the deviation of religious feeling and of the practices this feeling imposes. It can even affect the worship we offer the true God, e.g., when one attributes an importance in some way magical to certain practices otherwise lawful or necessary. To attribute the efficacy of prayers or of sacramental signs to their mere external performance, apart from the interior dispositions that they demand, is to fall into superstition.41

        Idolatry

        2112 The first commandment condemns polytheism. It requires man neither to believe in, nor to venerate, other divinities than the one true God. Scripture constantly recalls this rejection of “idols, [of] silver and gold, the work of men’s hands. They have mouths, but do not speak; eyes, but do not see.” These empty idols make their worshippers empty: “Those who make them are like them; so are all who trust in them.”42 God, however, is the “living God”43 who gives life and intervenes in history.

        2113 Idolatry not only refers to false pagan worship. It remains a constant temptation to faith. Idolatry consists in divinizing what is not God. Man commits idolatry whenever he honors and reveres a creature in place of God, whether this be gods or demons (for example, satanism), power, pleasure, race, ancestors, the state, money, etc. Jesus says, “You cannot serve God and mammon.”44 Many martyrs died for not adoring “the Beast”45 refusing even to simulate such worship. Idolatry rejects the unique Lordship of God; it is therefore incompatible with communion with God.46

        2114 Human life finds its unity in the adoration of the one God. The commandment to worship the Lord alone integrates man and saves him from an endless disintegration. Idolatry is a perversion of man’s innate religious sense. An idolater is someone who “transfers his indestructible notion of God to anything other than God.”47

        Divination and magic

        2115 God can reveal the future to his prophets or to other saints. Still, a sound Christian attitude consists in putting oneself confidently into the hands of Providence for whatever concerns the future, and giving up all unhealthy curiosity about it. Improvidence, however, can constitute a lack of responsibility.

        2116 All forms of divination are to be rejected: recourse to Satan or demons, conjuring up the dead or other practices falsely supposed to “unveil” the future.48 Consulting horoscopes, astrology, palm reading, interpretation of omens and lots, the phenomena of clairvoyance, and recourse to mediums all conceal a desire for power over time, history, and, in the last analysis, other human beings, as well as a wish to conciliate hidden powers. They contradict the honor, respect, and loving fear that we owe to God alone.

        2117 All practices of magic or sorcery, by which one attempts to tame occult powers, so as to place them at one’s service and have a supernatural power over others – even if this were for the sake of restoring their health – are gravely contrary to the virtue of religion. These practices are even more to be condemned when accompanied by the intention of harming someone, or when they have recourse to the intervention of demons. Wearing charms is also reprehensible. Spiritism often implies divination or magical practices; the Church for her part warns the faithful against it. Recourse to so-called traditional cures does not justify either the invocation of evil powers or the exploitation of another’s credulity.

        Irreligion

        2118 God’s first commandment condemns the main sins of irreligion: tempting God, in words or deeds, sacrilege, and simony.

        2119 Tempting God consists in putting his goodness and almighty power to the test by word or deed. Thus Satan tried to induce Jesus to throw himself down from the Temple and, by this gesture, force God to act.49 Jesus opposed Satan with the word of God: “You shall not put the LORD your God to the test.”50 The challenge contained in such tempting of God wounds the respect and trust we owe our Creator and Lord. It always harbors doubt about his love, his providence, and his power.51

        2120 Sacrilege consists in profaning or treating unworthily the sacraments and other liturgical actions, as well as persons, things, or places consecrated to God. Sacrilege is a grave sin especially when committed against the Eucharist, for in this sacrament the true Body of Christ is made substantially present for us.52

        2121 Simony is defined as the buying or selling of spiritual things.53 To Simon the magician, who wanted to buy the spiritual power he saw at work in the apostles, St. Peter responded: “Your silver perish with you, because you thought you could obtain God’s gift with money!”54 Peter thus held to the words of Jesus: “You received without pay, give without pay.”55 It is impossible to appropriate to oneself spiritual goods and behave toward them as their owner or master, for they have their source in God. One can receive them only from him, without payment.

        2122 The minister should ask nothing for the administration of the sacraments beyond the offerings defined by the competent authority, always being careful that the needy are not deprived of the help of the sacraments because of their poverty.”56 The competent authority determines these “offerings” in accordance with the principle that the Christian people ought to contribute to the support of the Church’s ministers. “The laborer deserves his food.”57

        Atheism

        2123 “Many . . . of our contemporaries either do not at all perceive, or explicitly reject, this intimate and vital bond of man to God. Atheism must therefore be regarded as one of the most serious problems of our time.”58

        2124 The name “atheism” covers many very different phenomena. One common form is the practical materialism which restricts its needs and aspirations to space and time. Atheistic humanism falsely considers man to be “an end to himself, and the sole maker, with supreme control, of his own history.”59 Another form of contemporary atheism looks for the liberation of man through economic and social liberation. “It holds that religion, of its very nature, thwarts such emancipation by raising man’s hopes in a future life, thus both deceiving him and discouraging him from working for a better form of life on earth.”60

        2125 Since it rejects or denies the existence of God, atheism is a sin against the virtue of religion.61 The imputability of this offense can be significantly diminished in virtue of the intentions and the circumstances. “Believers can have more than a little to do with the rise of atheism. To the extent that they are careless about their instruction in the faith, or present its teaching falsely, or even fail in their religious, moral, or social life, they must be said to conceal rather than to reveal the true nature of God and of religion.”62

        2126 Atheism is often based on a false conception of human autonomy, exaggerated to the point of refusing any dependence on God.63 Yet, “to acknowledge God is in no way to oppose the dignity of man, since such dignity is grounded and brought to perfection in God. . . . “64 “For the Church knows full well that her message is in harmony with the most secret desires of the human heart.”65

        Agnosticism

        2127 Agnosticism assumes a number of forms. In certain cases the agnostic refrains from denying God; instead he postulates the existence of a transcendent being which is incapable of revealing itself, and about which nothing can be said. In other cases, the agnostic makes no judgment about God’s existence, declaring it impossible to prove, or even to affirm or deny.

        2128 Agnosticism can sometimes include a certain search for God, but it can equally express indifferentism, a flight from the ultimate question of existence, and a sluggish moral conscience. Agnosticism is all too often equivalent to practical atheism.

        * IV. “YOU SHALL NOT MAKE FOR YOURSELF A GRAVEN IMAGE . . .”>

        2129 The divine injunction included the prohibition of every representation of God by the hand of man. Deuteronomy explains: “Since you saw no form on the day that the Lord spoke to you at Horeb out of the midst of the fire, beware lest you act corruptly by making a graven image for yourselves, in the form of any figure. . . . “66 It is the absolutely transcendent God who revealed himself to Israel. “He is the all,” but at the same time “he is greater than all his works.”67 He is “the author of beauty.”68

        2130 Nevertheless, already in the Old Testament, God ordained or permitted the making of images that pointed symbolically toward salvation by the incarnate Word: so it was with the bronze serpent, the ark of the covenant, and the cherubim.69

        2131 Basing itself on the mystery of the incarnate Word, the seventh ecumenical council at Nicaea (787) justified against the iconoclasts the veneration of icons – of Christ, but also of the Mother of God, the angels, and all the saints. By becoming incarnate, the Son of God introduced a new “economy” of images.

        2132 The Christian veneration of images is not contrary to the first commandment which proscribes idols. Indeed, “the honor rendered to an image passes to its prototype,” and “whoever venerates an image venerates the person portrayed in it.”70 The honor paid to sacred images is a “respectful veneration,” not the adoration due to God alone:

        Religious worship is not directed to images in themselves, considered as mere things, but under their distinctive aspect as images leading us on to God incarnate. The movement toward the image does not terminate in it as image, but tends toward that whose image it is.71

        IN BRIEF

        2133 “You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul and with all your strength” (Deut 6:5).

        2134 The first commandment summons man to believe in God, to hope in him, and to love him above all else.

        2135 “You shall worship the Lord your God” (Mt 4:10). Adoring God, praying to him, offering him the worship that belongs to him, fulfilling the promises and vows made to him are acts of the virtue of religion which fall under obedience to the first commandment.

        2136 The duty to offer God authentic worship concerns man both as an individual and as a social being.

        2137 “Men of the present day want to profess their religion freely in private and in public” (DH 15).

        2138 Superstition is a departure from the worship that we give to the true God. It is manifested in idolatry, as well as in various forms of divination and magic.

        2139 Tempting God in words or deeds, sacrilege, and simony are sins of irreligion forbidden by the first commandment.

        2140 Since it rejects or denies the existence of God, atheism is a sin against the first commandment.

        2141 The veneration of sacred images is based on the mystery of the Incarnation of the Word of God. It is not contrary to the first commandment.

        If you are reading this, you read the whole thing!!!!

        Thank you , and I hope that you have a better understanding of Catholic Beliefs!

        God Bless!

        Jon

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